S$x in India is still largely a taboo. Public displays of affection are sometimes even penalized. But the Murias, an indigenous tribe in Chhattisgarh, practice vastly different attitudes towards s$x and s*xuality.
The Muria tribe are unique in their construction of the ‘Ghotul’ – a commune or dormitory, meant to create an environment for Muria youth to get acquainted with their s*xuality.
According to this tribe, ‘Premarital s$x’ is not a sin nor is the couple ostracised from society. They stay together and have all the freedom to enjoy life as husband and wife. Even many couples marry after the birth of their children and children who are born out of wedlock are accepted by society.
The practice or ritual involves young men and women spending time at the commune or the ghotul, where they take part in singing, dancing, and exploring their s*xuality. Good food and local toddy are also a part of the ritual with older members helping guide the younger members.
The custom, in fact, gets its name from the structure of the commune which has walls of bamboo and clay and a thatched roof, situated in the center of the tribal hamlet with other dwellings surrounding it. The commune is divided into two unequal parts – the courtyard and the ‘parchhi’.
The ritual begins at dusk when men (Cheliks) and women (Motiaris) assemble at the Ghotul in all their finery. Married men play the drums. Food and locally made toddy are made available in plenty.
The youth sing and dance; play games and tease each other.
As the night extends, a boy and a girl, who have mutually consented to be with each other, enter the Ghotul’s dormitory, which they share with other couples. The adults leave, and the couples spend the night together, either talking or indulging in s$xual activity.
There is a kind of laissez-faire attitude followed inside the dormitory, an unspoken policy of letting things take their course, without interference or objection. Partners can be switched, and that’s no big deal.
There are nearly 20,000-25,000 Muria tribals in Narayanpur and approximately 500 Ghotuls where this ritual happens with the Ghotul acting as an education center for those aged 10 and above. However, they can take part in the Ghotul ritual only after they come of age – 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
A couple can talk to each other until they decide to tie the knot. The ritual comes with its own rules. The girl and the boy are required to change their names once they join the Ghotul.
After seven days, they have to either marry the person or look for another partner. Total freedom is given to choose one’s partner. At the end of these days, the couple picks a partner. The decision is announced by the boy by placing a flower in the girl’s hair, with the girl’s permission.
Since the youngsters spend a considerable amount of time at the Ghotul, the boys and girls are also assigned tasks – things like sweeping, cleaning, cooking, etc., which they are expected to perform.
The tasks not only serve as a way for the youngsters to form friendships and learn household chores, but also to become responsible and get to know others in the Ghotul well.
Managing the affairs and upholding the customs of the Ghotul is the responsibility of the Sardar. He is the chief custodian, and he works with a deputy called Kotwar, a woman who is unmarried.
Till a half-century ago, Ghotuls were common to Gond tribes throughout central India. But today, the practice has dwindled and is only practiced by the Muria tribe living in Narayanpur in Chhattisgarh, parts of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
A mandatory rule at a Ghotul is the girl’s consent. If the girl refuses, the boy cannot force or coerce her in any way. “The Motiari has the freedom to reject a Chelik even after agreeing to marry him,” a Muria tells 101reporters.
“She can return the flower that he had given to her and refuse to marry him. The boy can talk to her parents and try to persuade her, but they cannot force her to marry him.”
Muria weddings are also unique in that the boy and his family have to pay money to the girl and her family if she agrees to marry him.
But for all the beauty of the Ghotul and the freedom that it gives to the girl and the boy, the ritual is under attack.
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