They are believed to be special and have unique and spiritual capabilities like the gift of healing, extreme intelligence and physical strength.
Known as Dada from Yoruba culture in Nigeria, these children are born with naturally matted or locked hair.
The hair is similar to dreadlocks and is difficult to comb but the difference here is that Dada is more predestined and not by choice.
Local people believe that their strength and overall good health are tied to their hair and it must therefore not be tempered with or groomed.
The Igbos of Nigeria call them “Elena” translated to mean “Child King”, a name given to them largely due to the nature of their hair which is likened to a crown and also because of the belief of toughness such children possess.
Dada children are known to be very fragile and must be taken good care of especially in their formative years.
The Igbos observe many traditional rules when dealing with a dada. For instance, it is believed that when the hair of a dada child is combed or cut, the child would fall very sick and could even die.
Apart from the mother of a dada, no other person must touch the hair of these children.
If any other person mistakenly touches the hair, he or she must give money to the child or tie a cowry to their locks to prevent them from falling ill.
Traditional Nigerian families further believe that their dada children are gods and offer them to the shrine.
The chief priest now decides their fate. Some do not touch their hair and serve in the shrine for the rest of their lives and even take over from the chief priest when he dies.
Others have their hair shaved off. Most of them have their hair shaved off before puberty or adulthood.
Shaving a dada’s hair must, however, be accompanied with a special ritual which is usually performed by the chief priest presiding over the child.
After the ritual is performed, the hair of the dada is collected into a pot of water containing special herbs and kept by the parents of the child.
The potion can be used as medicine in case the child falls ill. It is believed that a child who doesn’t go through this ritual would die within three days after the shaving.
In recent times, Christian parents would rather have a Catholic priest to do the shaving.
It is believed, particularly, among Igbo communities that dada children are the reincarnations of deities and other great men and women, hence such children often lived in isolation.
The trend is now changing as with the advent of modernization, many of them are now being largely accepted into mainstream societies.
Families are also increasingly locking the hair of their children and hence it is generally hard to even distinguish a natural born dada and a made one.
In Igbo land, it is believed that children born dada are of spiritual origin — the dark side — and are possessed because their mothers visited shrines and made pacts with deities to conceive them.
And I am dada.
I should be furious. I should claw my way into my mother’s grave just to ask her why; but if I ever find the stomach to do the excavation, it would only be to embrace her and tell her how much I miss her. Why? Because dada is just a type of hair that is naturally and untidily matted.
The word ‘dada’ also refers to children born with that kind of hair and, though it’s of Yoruba origin, the sentiments around it are more dominant in Igbo land. The hair is similar to dreadlocks and is tough to comb. That’s probably why the bearers are sometimes called dreads — but not in Igbo land.
The Igbo people call children with dada ‘ezenwa’, meaning ‘child king’. One could argue that this is because the toughness of the hair denotes resilience, which a king should exude, or that it is because the hair most times sits over the head like a crown.
The reason behind the name, however, resides in the so-called ‘spiritual origin’, which apparently gives a dada immeasurable wealth and success etc; and a mother making a pact with a deity means her dada child is under that god’s protection and has been destined for great things that would favour the schemes of that god.
Hence, the Igbo people observe many traditional rules and beliefs when dealing with a dada.
The most important of them is the ritual performed before clearing a dada’s hair. The hair must be cut by a chief priest (this means a jujuist in Igbo Land), but since the advent of Christianity in Nigeria, most parents would rather employ the prayers of Catholic priests. The ceremony also entails calling friends and family over and treating them to a nice feast after the shaving.
Dadas whose hair is cut without the proper ceremony are believed to die within three days after the shaving. Even so, there have been cases of those who survived after being shaved without the ritual. My parents were not very superstitious, hence did not observe the tradition, but I survived, although my dada had to be cut three times for normal hair to start growing.
Prior to the shaving, touching a dada’s hair, whether to feel its roughness, to scold the wearer by pulling at it, or to comb it, can be tempting considering that it looks unusual; but that would only make the child sick — unless of course you are the mother. Why, because only the mother can touch the hair without making the dada sick. That you are the father does not count.
However, if you could not resist touching the hair or you mistakenly touched it, you must give the child money or tie a cowry to his hair to stop him from becoming sick. That is why most dadas carry a good number of cowries on their hair, the number representing the many or few times their hair was touched by someone other than their mothers.
The cowries, I think, rank among the reasons dadas do not comb their hair; that is, along with the difficulty that comes with combing something so tangled up. But most Igbo folks believe the hair is left unkempt because dadas are considered to be the Samsons of our time. Combing or cutting their hair without the proper ritual would only alter their grand destinies.
Dadas are sometimes also called ‘ogbange’, meaning the reincarnated. Most Igbo communities believe they are the reincarnations of some great men and women, jujuists, and even deities.
These rules and beliefs about dadas make them live in isolation through their childhood as other children point fingers at them and avoid them, whispering, “He’s possessed. Ogbange…”
While this can be damaging to a child’s psychology, it can also give the child some sense of security, since the stigmatisation is as a result of fear and not disdain. But it should be noted that fear can stir violence. Thus, that sense of security becomes an illusion.
These are just children born with hair most communities in Nigeria aren’t comfortable with.
